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A quantity by which another (the multiplicand) is multiplied. For example, in the expression a×b, a is the multiplier. The result of the multiplication of two or more ...

A set which is connected but not simply connected is called multiply connected. A space is n-multiply connected if it is (n-1)-connected and if every map from the n-sphere ...

A set-like object in which order is ignored, but multiplicity is explicitly significant. Therefore, multisets {1,2,3} and {2,1,3} are equivalent, but {1,1,2,3} and {1,2,3} ...

Given an original knot K, the knots produced by mutations together with K itself are called mutant knots. Mutant knots are often difficult to distinguish. For instance, ...

The mutual information between two discrete random variables X and Y is defined to be I(X;Y)=sum_(x in X)sum_(y in Y)P(x,y)log_2((P(x,y))/(P(x)P(y))) (1) bits. Additional ...

Let M be a sigma-algebra M, and let lambda_1 and lambda_2 be measures on M. If there exists a pair of disjoint sets A and B such that lambda_1 is concentrated on A and ...

A problem is NP-hard if an algorithm for solving it can be translated into one for solving any NP-problem (nondeterministic polynomial time) problem. NP-hard therefore means ...

A nonuniform rational B-spline curve defined by C(t)=(sum_(i=0)^(n)N_(i,p)(t)w_iP_i)/(sum_(i=0)^(n)N_(i,p)(t)w_i), where p is the order, N_(i,p) are the B-spline basis ...

A nonuniform rational B-spline surface of degree (p,q) is defined by ...

The upside-down capital delta symbol del , also called "del," used to denote the gradient and other vector derivatives. The following table summarizes the names and notations ...