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If f is continuous on a closed interval [a,b], and c is any number between f(a) and f(b) inclusive, then there is at least one number x in the closed interval such that ...

The term "pathological" is used in mathematics to refer to an example specifically cooked up to violate certain almost universally valid properties. Pathological problems ...

The problem in calculus of variations to find the minimal surface of a boundary with specified constraints (usually having no singularities on the surface). In general, there ...

An Appell sequence is a Sheffer sequence for (g(t),t). Roman (1984, pp. 86-106) summarizes properties of Appell sequences and gives a number of specific examples. The ...

A number defined by b_n=b_n(0), where b_n(x) is a Bernoulli polynomial of the second kind (Roman 1984, p. 294), also called Cauchy numbers of the first kind. The first few ...

Polynomials b_n(x) which form a Sheffer sequence with g(t) = t/(e^t-1) (1) f(t) = e^t-1, (2) giving generating function sum_(k=0)^infty(b_k(x))/(k!)t^k=(t(t+1)^x)/(ln(1+t)). ...

Krall and Fink (1949) defined the Bessel polynomials as the function y_n(x) = sum_(k=0)^(n)((n+k)!)/((n-k)!k!)(x/2)^k (1) = sqrt(2/(pix))e^(1/x)K_(-n-1/2)(1/x), (2) where ...

Polynomials s_k(x;lambda) which form a Sheffer sequence with g(t) = 1+e^(lambdat) (1) f(t) = e^t-1 (2) and have generating function ...

A set of orthogonal functions {phi_n(x)} is termed complete in the closed interval x in [a,b] if, for every piecewise continuous function f(x) in the interval, the minimum ...

The extended mean-value theorem (Anton 1984, pp. 543-544), also known as the Cauchy mean-value theorem (Anton 1984, pp. 543) and Cauchy's mean-value formula (Apostol 1967, p. ...