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Baer's criterion, also known as Baer's test, states that a module M over a unit ring R is injective iff every module homomorphism from an ideal of R to M can be extended to a ...

Ball tetrahedron picking is the selection of quadruples of points (corresponding to vertices of a general tetrahedron) randomly placed inside a ball. n random tetrahedra can ...

The apodization function f(x)=1-(|x|)/a (1) which is a generalization of the one-argument triangle function. Its full width at half maximum is a. It has instrument function ...

A class of curve defined at integer values which hops from one value to another. Their name derives from the Greek word betaalphataurhoalphachiiotaomicronnu batrachion, which ...

A transformation formula for continued fractions (Lorentzen and Waadeland 1992) which can, for example, be used to prove identities such as ...

Let A and B_j be sets. Conditional probability requires that P(A intersection B_j)=P(A)P(B_j|A), (1) where intersection denotes intersection ("and"), and also that P(A ...

A Belphegor number (also known as a Beelphegor number or a beastly palindromic prime) is a palindromic number of the form 1(0...)666(0...)1. Numbers of this form are named ...

A point B is said to lie between points A and C (where A, B, and C are distinct collinear points) if AB+BC=AC. A number of Euclid's proofs depend on the idea of betweenness ...

A map is called bijective if it is both injective and surjective. A bijective map is also called a bijection. A function f admits an inverse f^(-1) (i.e., "f is invertible") ...

In the American system, one billion equals 10^9=1000000000. In the French and German systems, one billion equals 10^(12). In recent years, the "American" system has become ...