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Intuitively, a d-dimensional discrete percolation model is said to be long-range if direct flow is possible between pairs of graph vertices or graph edges which are "very ...

There are several regular mathematics competitions available to students. The International Mathematical Olympiad is perhaps the largest, while the William Lowell Putnam ...

Matrix diagonalization is the process of taking a square matrix and converting it into a special type of matrix--a so-called diagonal matrix--that shares the same fundamental ...

The minimal polynomial of a matrix A is the monic polynomial in A of smallest degree n such that p(A)=sum_(i=0)^nc_iA^i=0. (1) The minimal polynomial divides any polynomial q ...

A function I_n(x) which is one of the solutions to the modified Bessel differential equation and is closely related to the Bessel function of the first kind J_n(x). The above ...

Define q=e^(2piitau) (cf. the usual nome), where tau is in the upper half-plane. Then the modular discriminant is defined by ...

Let A be an involutive algebra over the field C of complex numbers with involution xi|->xi^♯. Then A is a modular Hilbert algebra if A has an inner product <··> and a ...

A module is a mathematical object in which things can be added together commutatively by multiplying coefficients and in which most of the rules of manipulating vectors hold. ...

A Moiré pattern is an interference pattern produced by overlaying similar but slightly offset templates. A simple example is obtained by taking two identical ruled ...

A generalization of calculus of variations which draws the relationship between the stationary points of a smooth real-valued function on a manifold and the global topology ...