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Eigenvectors are a special set of vectors associated with a linear system of equations (i.e., a matrix equation) that are sometimes also known as characteristic vectors, ...

A fixed point is a point that does not change upon application of a map, system of differential equations, etc. In particular, a fixed point of a function f(x) is a point x_0 ...

The generalized Petersen graph GP(n,k), also denoted P(n,k) (Biggs 1993, p. 119; Pemmaraju and Skiena 2003, p. 215), for n>=3 and 1<=k<=|_(n-1)/2_| is a connected cubic graph ...

To predict the result of a measurement requires (1) a model of the system under investigation, and (2) a physical theory linking the parameters of the model to the parameters ...

The Jacobi triple product is the beautiful identity product_(n=1)^infty(1-x^(2n))(1+x^(2n-1)z^2)(1+(x^(2n-1))/(z^2))=sum_(m=-infty)^inftyx^(m^2)z^(2m). (1) In terms of the ...

It is possible to perform multiplication of large numbers in (many) fewer operations than the usual brute-force technique of "long multiplication." As discovered by Karatsuba ...

The Laplace transform is an integral transform perhaps second only to the Fourier transform in its utility in solving physical problems. The Laplace transform is particularly ...

Linear programming, sometimes known as linear optimization, is the problem of maximizing or minimizing a linear function over a convex polyhedron specified by linear and ...

The logarithmic spiral is a spiral whose polar equation is given by r=ae^(btheta), (1) where r is the distance from the origin, theta is the angle from the x-axis, and a and ...

Given the Mertens function defined by M(n)=sum_(k=1)^nmu(k), (1) where mu(n) is the Möbius function, Stieltjes claimed in an 1885 letter to Hermite that M(x)x^(-1/2) stays ...