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In 1638, Fermat proposed that every positive integer is a sum of at most three triangular numbers, four square numbers, five pentagonal numbers, and n n-polygonal numbers. ...

Given a first-order ordinary differential equation (dy)/(dx)=F(x,y), (1) if F(x,y) can be expressed using separation of variables as F(x,y)=X(x)Y(y), (2) then the equation ...

A subset E of a topological space S is said to be of first category in S if E can be written as the countable union of subsets which are nowhere dense in S, i.e., if E is ...

The fractional edge chromatic number of a graph G is the fractional analog of the edge chromatic number, denoted chi_f^'(G) by Scheinerman and Ullman (2011). It can be ...

A free idempotent monoid is a monoid that satisfies the identity x^2=x and is generated by a set of elements. If the generating set of such a monoid is finite, then so is the ...

The following are equivalent definitions for a Galois extension field (also simply known as a Galois extension) K of F. 1. K is the splitting field for a collection of ...

Ore (1962) noted that not only does a tree possesses a unique shortest path between any two vertices, but that there also exist also other connected graphs having the same ...

The Greek problems of antiquity were a set of geometric problems whose solution was sought using only compass and straightedge: 1. circle squaring. 2. cube duplication. 3. ...

The simple continued fraction of the Golomb-Dickman constant lambda is [0; 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 22, 1, 2, 3, 1, 1, 11, ...] (OEIS A225336). Note that this continued fraction ...

In general, a graph product of two graphs G and H is a new graph whose vertex set is V(G)×V(H) and where, for any two vertices (g,h) and (g^',h^') in the product, the ...