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A generalization of Fermat's little theorem. Euler published a proof of the following more general theorem in 1736. Let phi(n) denote the totient function. Then a^(phi(n))=1 ...

Define A^' to be the point (other than the polygon vertex A) where the triangle median through A meets the circumcircle of ABC, and define B^' and C^' similarly. Then the ...

The Feuerbach point X_(11) (center of the Feuerbach hyperbola) lies on the nine-point circle. The Feuerbach antipode is the antipode of this point on nine-point circle. It ...

If g is a continuous function g(x) in [a,b] for all x in [a,b], then g has a fixed point in [a,b]. This can be proven by supposing that g(a)>=a g(b)<=b (1) g(a)-a>=0 ...

A fractional clique of a graph G is a nonnegative real function on the vertices of G such that sum of the values on the vertices of any independent set is at most one. The ...

The gamma product (e.g., Prudnikov et al. 1986, pp. 22 and 792), is defined by Gamma[a_1,...,a_m; b_1,...,b_n]=(Gamma(a_1)...Gamma(a_m))/(Gamma(b_1)...Gamma(b_n)), where ...

The generalized Riemann hypothesis conjectures that neither the Riemann zeta function nor any Dirichlet L-series has a zero with real part larger than 1/2. Compare with ...

The function defined by y=ab^(q^x). It is used in actuarial science for specifying a simplified mortality law (Kenney and Keeping 1962, p. 241). Using s(x) as the probability ...

int_a^b(del f)·ds=f(b)-f(a), where del is the gradient, and the integral is a line integral. It is this relationship which makes the definition of a scalar potential function ...

The periphery of a graph G is the subgraph of G induced by vertices that have graph eccentricities equal to the graph diameter. The periphery of a connected graph may be ...