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A Mersenne prime is a Mersenne number, i.e., a number of the form M_n=2^n-1, that is prime. In order for M_n to be prime, n must itself be prime. This is true since for ...

The number 10 (ten) is the basis for the decimal system of notation. In this system, each "decimal place" consists of a digit 0-9 arranged such that each digit is multiplied ...

There are at least two definitions of hypercomplex numbers. Clifford algebraists call their higher dimensional numbers hypercomplex, even though they do not share all the ...

Finch (2001, 2003) defines a k-rough (or k-jagged) number to be positive integer all of whose prime factors are greater than or equal to k. Greene and Knuth define "unusual ...

The tangent numbers, also called a zag number, and given by T_n=(2^(2n)(2^(2n)-1)|B_(2n)|)/(2n), (1) where B_n is a Bernoulli number, are numbers that can be defined either ...

The number of cells in a generalized Chinese checkers board (or "centered" hexagram). Unlike the polygonal numbers, there is ambiguity in the case of the star numbers as to ...

There are several theorems known as the "sandwich theorem." In calculus, the squeeze theorem is also sometimes known as the sandwich theorem. In graph theory, the sandwich ...

Gauss stated the reciprocity theorem for the case n=4 x^4=q (mod p) (1) can be solved using the Gaussian integers as ...

A centered polygonal number consisting of a central dot with four dots around it, and then additional dots in the gaps between adjacent dots. The general term is n^2+(n+1)^2, ...

An algebraic integer of the form a+bsqrt(D) where D is squarefree forms a quadratic field and is denoted Q(sqrt(D)). If D>0, the field is called a real quadratic field, and ...