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A projection which maps a sphere (or spheroid) onto a plane. Map projections are generally classified into groups according to common properties (cylindrical vs. conical, ...

Measure theory is the study of measures. It generalizes the intuitive notions of length, area, and volume. The earliest and most important examples are Jordan measure and ...

A function is said to be modular (or "elliptic modular") if it satisfies: 1. f is meromorphic in the upper half-plane H, 2. f(Atau)=f(tau) for every matrix A in the modular ...

The continued fraction for ln10 is [0; 1, 2, 3, 1, 6, 3, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 10, ...] (OEIS A016730). The Engel expansion is 2, 3, 7, 9, 104, 510, 1413, ... (OEIS ...

The decimal expansion of the natural logarithm of 2 is given by ln2=0.69314718055994530941... (OEIS A002162). It was computed to 10^(11) decimal digits by S. Kondo on May 14, ...

A New Kind of Science is a seminal work on simple programs by Stephen Wolfram. In 1980, Wolfram's studies found unexpected behavior in a collection of simple computer ...

An error which is superimposed on top of a true signal. Noise may be random or systematic. Noise can be greatly reduced by transmitting signals digitally instead of in analog ...

Let G be a simple graph with nonsingular (0,1) adjacency matrix A. If all the diagonal entries of the matrix inverse A^(-1) are zero and all the off-diagonal entries of ...

Odd values of Q(n) are 1, 1, 3, 5, 27, 89, 165, 585, ... (OEIS A051044), and occur with ever decreasing frequency as n becomes large (unlike P(n), for which the fraction of ...

The pentagonal icositetrahedron is the 24-faced dual polyhedron of the snub cube A_7 and Wenninger dual W_(17). The mineral cuprite (Cu_2O) forms in pentagonal ...