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There are at least two results known as "the area principle." The geometric area principle states that (|A_1P|)/(|A_2P|)=(|A_1BC|)/(|A_2BC|). (1) This can also be written in ...

The p-layer of H, L_(p^')(H) is the unique minimal normal subgroup of H which maps onto E(H/O_(p^')(H)).

A sequence of circles which closes (such as a Steiner chain or the circles inscribed in the arbelos) is called a chain.

Not decidable as a result of being neither formally provable nor unprovable.

If alpha is any number and m and n are integers, then there is a rational number m/n for which |alpha-m/n|<=1/n. (1) If alpha is irrational and k is any whole number, there ...

A Fibonacci prime is a Fibonacci number F_n that is also a prime number. Every F_n that is prime must have a prime index n, with the exception of F_4=3. However, the converse ...

The finite difference is the discrete analog of the derivative. The finite forward difference of a function f_p is defined as Deltaf_p=f_(p+1)-f_p, (1) and the finite ...

Roman numerals are a system of numerical notations used by the Romans. They are an additive (and subtractive) system in which letters are used to denote certain "base" ...

Sudoku (literally, "single number"), sometimes also is a pencil-and-paper logic puzzle whose goal is to complete a grid satisfying various constraints. In the "classic" ...

A Turing machine which, by appropriate programming using a finite length of input tape, can act as any Turing machine whatsoever. In his seminal paper, Turing himself gave ...