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A plane is a two-dimensional doubly ruled surface spanned by two linearly independent vectors. The generalization of the plane to higher dimensions is called a hyperplane. ...

A complex vector space is a vector space whose field of scalars is the complex numbers. A linear transformation between complex vector spaces is given by a matrix with ...

A real vector space is a vector space whose field of scalars is the field of reals. A linear transformation between real vector spaces is given by a matrix with real entries ...

A function A such that B=del xA. The most common use of a vector potential is the representation of a magnetic field. If a vector field has zero divergence, it may be ...

A contravariant tensor is a tensor having specific transformation properties (cf., a covariant tensor). To examine the transformation properties of a contravariant tensor, ...

The norm of a mathematical object is a quantity that in some (possibly abstract) sense describes the length, size, or extent of the object. Norms exist for complex numbers ...

A pair of elements (p_i,p_j) is called an inversion in a permutation p if i>j and p_i<p_j (Skiena 1990, p. 27; Pemmaraju and Skiena 2003, p. 69). For example, in the ...

The direction from an object A to another object B can be specified as a vector v=AB^-> with tail at A and head at B. However, since this vector has length equal to the ...

An action with G=R. Flows are generated by vector fields and vice versa.

A vector specifying how layers are stacked in a laminated lattice.