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The orthogonal polynomials defined variously by (1) (Koekoek and Swarttouw 1998, p. 24) or p_n(x;a,b,c,d) = W_n(-x^2;a,b,c,d) (2) = (3) (Koepf, p. 116, 1998). The first few ...

The Wronskian of a set of n functions phi_1, phi_2, ... is defined by W(phi_1,...,phi_n)=|phi_1 phi_2 ... phi_n; phi_1^' phi_2^' ... phi_n^'; | | ... |; phi_1^((n-1)) ...

Spinor fields describing particles of zero rest mass satisfy the so-called zero rest mass equations. Examples of zero rest mass particles include the neutrino (a fermion) and ...

The d-analog of a complex number s is defined as [s]_d=1-(2^d)/(s^d) (1) (Flajolet et al. 1995). For integer n, [2]!=1 and [n]_d! = [3][4]...[n] (2) = ...

The q-analog of the binomial theorem (1-z)^n=1-nz+(n(n-1))/(1·2)z^2-(n(n-1)(n-2))/(1·2·3)z^3+... (1) is given by (1-z/(q^n))(1-z/(q^(n-1)))...(1-z/q) ...

The q-digamma function psi_q(z), also denoted psi_q^((0))(z), is defined as psi_q(z)=1/(Gamma_q(z))(partialGamma_q(z))/(partialz), (1) where Gamma_q(z) is the q-gamma ...

The Fibonacci numbers are the sequence of numbers {F_n}_(n=1)^infty defined by the linear recurrence equation F_n=F_(n-1)+F_(n-2) (1) with F_1=F_2=1. As a result of the ...

Let k be a field of finite characteristic p. Then a polynomial P(x) in k[x] is said to be additive iff P(a)+P(b)=P(a+b) for {a,b,a+b} subset k. For example, P(x)=x^2+x+4 is ...

The word adjoint has a number of related meanings. In linear algebra, it refers to the conjugate transpose and is most commonly denoted A^(H). The analogous concept applied ...

The algebraic connectivity of a graph is the numerically second smallest eigenvalue (counting multiple eigenvalues separately) of the Laplacian matrix of a graph G. In other ...