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The Lebombo bone is the oldest known mathematical artifact. It dates from 35000 BC and consists of 29 distinct notches that were deliberately cut into a baboon's fibula. It ...

The kernel of a linear transformation T:V-->W between vector spaces is its null space.

Given a point P and a line AB, draw the perpendicular through P and call it PC. Let PD be any other line from P which meets CB in D. In a hyperbolic geometry, as D moves off ...

A branch point whose neighborhood of values wrap around an infinite number of times as their complex arguments are varied. The point z=0 under the function lnz is therefore a ...

A minimum dominating set is a dominating set of smallest size in a given graph. The size of a minimum dominating set is known as the domination number of the graph. A minimum ...

A phenomenon in which a system being forced at an irrational period undergoes rational, periodic motion which persists for a finite range of forcing values. It may occur for ...

The partial differential equation (Cole and Cook 1986, p. 34; Zwillinger 1997, p. 134).

A function for which several distinct functional values correspond (as a result of different continuations) to one and the same point (Knopp 1996, p. 94).

The series which arises in the binomial theorem for negative integer -n, (x+a)^(-n) = sum_(k=0)^(infty)(-n; k)x^ka^(-n-k) (1) = sum_(k=0)^(infty)(-1)^k(n+k-1; k)x^ka^(-n-k) ...

Given a matrix equation Ax=b, the normal equation is that which minimizes the sum of the square differences between the left and right sides: A^(T)Ax=A^(T)b. It is called a ...