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A Münchhausen number (sometimes spelled Münchausen number, with a single 'h') is a number equal to the sum of its digits raised to each digit's power. Münchhausen numbers ...

A square matrix that is not singular, i.e., one that has a matrix inverse. Nonsingular matrices are sometimes also called regular matrices. A square matrix is nonsingular iff ...

According to many authors (e.g., Kelley 1955, p. 112; Joshi 1983, p. 162; Willard 1970, p. 99) a normal space is a topological space in which for any two disjoint closed sets ...

A null hypothesis is a statistical hypothesis that is tested for possible rejection under the assumption that it is true (usually that observations are the result of chance). ...

The orthogonal decomposition of a vector y in R^n is the sum of a vector in a subspace W of R^n and a vector in the orthogonal complement W^_|_ to W. The orthogonal ...

Two planes that do not intersect are said to be parallel. Two planes specified in Hessian normal form are parallel iff |n_1^^·n_2^^|=1 or n_1^^xn_2^^=0 (Gellert et al. 1989, ...

Given a linear code C of length n and dimension k over the field F, a parity check matrix H of C is a n×(n-k) matrix whose rows generate the orthogonal complement of C, i.e., ...

Given a statistical distribution with measured mean, statistical median, mode, and standard deviation sigma, Pearson's first skewness coefficient, also known as the Pearson ...

Let C be an error-correcting code consisting of N codewords,in which each codeword consists of n letters taken from an alphabet A of length q, and every two distinct ...

A permutation matrix is a matrix obtained by permuting the rows of an n×n identity matrix according to some permutation of the numbers 1 to n. Every row and column therefore ...