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A powerful numerical integration technique which uses k refinements of the extended trapezoidal rule to remove error terms less than order O(N^(-2k)). The routine advocated ...

For a set of n numbers or values of a discrete distribution x_i, ..., x_n, the root-mean-square (abbreviated "RMS" and sometimes called the quadratic mean), is the square ...

Sabermetrics is the study of baseball statistics. Bill James, coiner of the term, defined it more precisely as "the search for objective knowledge about baseball." The term ...

In statistics, sampling is the selection and implementation of statistical observations in order to estimate properties of an underlying population. Sampling is a vital part ...

Let delta=z>=z_(observed). A value 0<=alpha<=1 such that P(delta)<=alpha is considered "significant" (i.e., is not simply due to chance) is known as an alpha value. The ...

A mechanical device consisting of a sliding portion and a fixed case, each marked with logarithmic axes. By lining up the ticks, it is possible to do multiplication by taking ...

X is a spherical t-design in E iff it is possible to exactly determine the average value on E of any polynomial f of degree at most t by sampling f at the points of X. In ...

The difference between the sum of the angles A, B, and C of a spherical triangle and pi radians (180 degrees), E=A+B+C-pi. The notation Delta is sometimes used for spherical ...

A strong pseudo-Riemannian metric on a smooth manifold M is a (0,2) tensor field g which is symmetric and for which, at each m in M, the map v_m|->g_m(v_m,·) is an ...

A second-order ordinary differential equation d/(dx)[p(x)(dy)/(dx)]+[lambdaw(x)-q(x)]y=0, where lambda is a constant and w(x) is a known function called either the density or ...