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The radius used in performing an inversion with respect to an inversion circle.

The length is the longest dimension of an object.

For two lines in the plane with endpoints (x_1,x_2) and (x_3,x_4), the angle between them is given by costheta=((x_2-x_1)·(x_4-x_3))/(|x_2-x_1||x_4-x_3|). (1) The angle theta ...

A linear code over a finite field with q elements F_q is a linear subspace C subset F_q^n. The vectors forming the subspace are called codewords. When codewords are chosen ...

Given a point P and a line AB, draw the perpendicular through P and call it PC. Let PD be any other line from P which meets CB in D. In a hyperbolic geometry, as D moves off ...

A topology induced by the metric g defined on a metric space X. The open sets are all subsets that can be realized as the unions of open balls B(x_0,r)={x in X|g(x_0,x)<r}, ...

An n-dimensional open ball of radius r is the collection of points of distance less than r from a fixed point in Euclidean n-space. Explicitly, the open ball with center x ...

The y- (vertical) coordinate of a point in a two dimensional coordinate system. Physicists and astronomers sometimes use the term to refer to the axis itself instead of the ...

Let H be a Hilbert space and M a closed subspace of H. Corresponding to any vector x in H, there is a unique vector m_0 in M such that |x-m_0|<=|x-m| for all m in M. ...

A pseudocylindrical map projection which distorts shape, area, scale, and distance to create attractive average projection properties.