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For a general two-player zero-sum game, max_(i<=m)min_(j<=n)a_(ij)<=min_(j<=n)max_(i<=m)a_(ij). If the two are equal, then write ...

Gaussian brackets are notation published by Gauss in Disquisitiones Arithmeticae and defined by [ ]=1 (1) [a_1]=a_1 (2) [a_1,a_2]=[a_1]a_2+[ ] (3) ...

A figurate number of the form g_n=2n-1 giving the area of the square gnomon obtained by removing a square of side n-1 from a square of side n, g_n = n^2-(n-1)^2 (1) = 2n-1. ...

The complement of a graph G, sometimes called the edge-complement (Gross and Yellen 2006, p. 86), is the graph G^', sometimes denoted G^_ or G^c (e.g., Clark and Entringer ...

The graph sum of graphs G and H is the graph with adjacency matrix given by the sum of adjacency matrices of G and H. A graph sum is defined when the orders of G and H are ...

A handle is a topological structure which can be thought of as the object produced by puncturing a surface twice, attaching a zip around each puncture travelling in opposite ...

Informally, self-similar objects with parameters N and s are described by a power law such as N=s^d, where d=(lnN)/(lns) is the "dimension" of the scaling law, known as the ...

When the elongated square pyramid with unit edge lengths (i.e., an equilateral obelisk) is truncated by a plane passing through opposite corners of its square base and the ...

A property that passes from a topological space to every subspace with respect to the relative topology. Examples are first and second countability, metrizability, the ...

Let l(x) be an nth degree polynomial with zeros at x_1, ..., x_n. Then the fundamental Hermite interpolating polynomials of the first and second kinds are defined by ...