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A Hadamard matrix is a type of square (-1,1)-matrix invented by Sylvester (1867) under the name of anallagmatic pavement, 26 years before Hadamard (1893) considered them. In ...

A square which can be dissected into a number of smaller squares with no two equal is called a perfect square dissection (or a squared square). Square dissections in which ...

A series of the form sum_(k=1)^infty(-1)^(k+1)a_k (1) or sum_(k=1)^infty(-1)^ka_k, (2) where a_k>0. A series with positive terms can be converted to an alternating series ...

A paradox mentioned in the Greek work Mechanica, dubiously attributed to Aristotle. Consider the above diagram depicting a wheel consisting of two concentric circles of ...

Given two normal subgroups G_1 and G_2 of a group, and two normal subgroups H_1 and H_2 of G_1 and G_2 respectively, H_1(G_1 intersection H_2) is normal in H_1(G_1 ...

Given a unit circle, pick two points at random on its circumference, forming a chord. Without loss of generality, the first point can be taken as (1,0), and the second by ...

C_4 is one of the two groups of group order 4. Like C_2×C_2, it is Abelian, but unlike C_2×C_2, it is a cyclic. Examples include the point groups C_4 (note that the same ...

The Diffie-Hellman protocol is a method for two computer users to generate a shared private key with which they can then exchange information across an insecure channel. Let ...

Using disk point picking, x = sqrt(r)costheta (1) y = sqrt(r)sintheta (2) for r in [0,1], theta in [0,2pi), choose two points at random in a unit disk and find the ...

Anomalous cancellation is a "canceling" of digits of a and b in the numerator and denominator of a fraction a/b which results in a fraction equal to the original. Note that ...