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The initial side of an angle theta drawn in angle standard position is the side lying on the positive x-axis. In general, viewing an angle as the amount of rotation about the ...

A right angle is an angle equal to half the angle from one end of a line segment to the other. A right angle is pi/2 radians or 90 degrees. A triangle containing a right ...

For a plane curve, the tangential angle phi is defined by rhodphi=ds, (1) where s is the arc length and rho is the radius of curvature. The tangential angle is therefore ...

A geometric implement discovered in a 19th century book, and whose inventor is unknown. It essentially consists of a semicircle, a segment SR which prolongs its diameter and ...

A triple of three arbitrary vectors with common vertex (Altshiller-Court 1979), often called a trihedral angle since it determines three planes. The vectors are often taken ...

The Weierstrass substitution is the trigonometric substitution t=tan(theta/2) which transforms an integral of the form intf(costheta,sintheta)dtheta into one of the form ...

The nth central binomial coefficient is defined as (2n; n) = ((2n)!)/((n!)^2) (1) = (2^n(2n-1)!!)/(n!), (2) where (n; k) is a binomial coefficient, n! is a factorial, and n!! ...

N_phi(m) is the number of integers n for which the totient function phi(n)=m, also called the multiplicity of m (Guy 1994). Erdős (1958) proved that if a multiplicity occurs ...

A definite integral is an integral int_a^bf(x)dx (1) with upper and lower limits. If x is restricted to lie on the real line, the definite integral is known as a Riemann ...

The factorial n! is defined for a positive integer n as n!=n(n-1)...2·1. (1) So, for example, 4!=4·3·2·1=24. An older notation for the factorial was written (Mellin 1909; ...