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Kurtosis is defined as a normalized form of the fourth central moment mu_4 of a distribution. There are several flavors of kurtosis, the most commonly encountered variety of ...

A Lambert series is a series of the form F(x)=sum_(n=1)^inftya_n(x^n)/(1-x^n) (1) for |x|<1. Then F(x) = sum_(n=1)^(infty)a_nsum_(m=1)^(infty)x^(mn) (2) = ...

The Laplacian for a scalar function phi is a scalar differential operator defined by (1) where the h_i are the scale factors of the coordinate system (Weinberg 1972, p. 109; ...

If f(z) is analytic throughout the annular region between and on the concentric circles K_1 and K_2 centered at z=a and of radii r_1 and r_2<r_1 respectively, then there ...

Find the plane lamina of least area A which is capable of covering any plane figure of unit generalized diameter. A unit circle is too small, but a hexagon circumscribed on ...

Legendre-Gauss quadrature is a numerical integration method also called "the" Gaussian quadrature or Legendre quadrature. A Gaussian quadrature over the interval [-1,1] with ...

The Legendre differential equation is the second-order ordinary differential equation (1-x^2)(d^2y)/(dx^2)-2x(dy)/(dx)+l(l+1)y=0, (1) which can be rewritten ...

A linear recurrence equation is a recurrence equation on a sequence of numbers {x_n} expressing x_n as a first-degree polynomial in x_k with k<n. For example ...

Liouville's constant, sometimes also called Liouville's number, is the real number defined by L=sum_(n=1)^infty10^(-n!)=0.110001000000000000000001... (OEIS A012245). ...

The Lovász number theta(G) of a graph G, sometimes also called the theta function of G, was introduced by Lovász (1979) with the explicit goal of estimating the Shannon ...