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The identity matrix is a the simplest nontrivial diagonal matrix, defined such that I(X)=X (1) for all vectors X. An identity matrix may be denoted 1, I, E (the latter being ...

The number of different triangles which have integer side lengths and perimeter n is T(n) = P(n,3)-sum_(1<=j<=|_n/2_|)P(j,2) (1) = [(n^2)/(12)]-|_n/4_||_(n+2)/4_| (2) = ...

An integral graph, not to be confused with an integral embedding of a graph, is defined as a graph whose graph spectrum consists entirely of integers. The notion was first ...

Integration by parts is a technique for performing indefinite integration intudv or definite integration int_a^budv by expanding the differential of a product of functions ...

An isolated singularity is a singularity for which there exists a (small) real number epsilon such that there are no other singularities within a neighborhood of radius ...

Given a set y=f(x) of n equations in n variables x_1, ..., x_n, written explicitly as y=[f_1(x); f_2(x); |; f_n(x)], (1) or more explicitly as {y_1=f_1(x_1,...,x_n); |; ...

The Johnson triangle DeltaJ_AJ_BJ_C, a term coined here for the first time, is the triangle formed by the centers of the Johnson circles. It has trilinear vertex matrix ...

An integer j(n) is called a jumping champion if j(n) is the most frequently occurring difference between consecutive primes <=n (Odlyzko et al. 1999). This term was coined by ...

A goodness-of-fit test for any statistical distribution. The test relies on the fact that the value of the sample cumulative density function is asymptotically normally ...

A theorem, also known as Bachet's conjecture, which Bachet inferred from a lack of a necessary condition being stated by Diophantus. It states that every positive integer can ...