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The term "characteristic" has many different uses in mathematics. In general, it refers to some property that inherently describes a given mathematical object, for example ...

From the point of view of coordinate charts, the notion of tangent space is quite simple. The tangent space consists of all directions, or velocities, a particle can take. In ...

Define S_n(x) = sum_(k=1)^(infty)(sin(kx))/(k^n) (1) C_n(x) = sum_(k=1)^(infty)(cos(kx))/(k^n), (2) then the Clausen functions are defined by ...

A colossally abundant number is a positive integer n for which there is a positive exponent epsilon such that (sigma(n))/(n^(1+epsilon))>=(sigma(k))/(k^(1+epsilon)) for all ...

A compact manifold is a manifold that is compact as a topological space. Examples are the circle (the only one-dimensional compact manifold) and the n-dimensional sphere and ...

The complete elliptic integral of the second kind, illustrated above as a function of k, is defined by E(k) = E(1/2pi,k) (1) = ...

Find a square number x^2 such that, when a given integer h is added or subtracted, new square numbers are obtained so that x^2+h=a^2 (1) and x^2-h=b^2. (2) This problem was ...

A conic projection of points on a unit sphere centered at O consists of extending the line OS for each point S until it intersects a cone with apex A which tangent to the ...

A complete set of mutually conjugate group elements. Each element in a group belongs to exactly one class, and the identity element (I=1) is always in its own class. The ...

Given an expression involving known constants, integration in finite terms, computation of limits, etc., the constant problem is the determination of if the expression is ...