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Let a triangle have side lengths a, b, and c with opposite angles A, B, and C. Then (b+c)/a = (cos[1/2(B-C)])/(sin(1/2A)) (1) (c+a)/b = (cos[1/2(C-A)])/(sin(1/2B)) (2) ...

The Euler-Maclaurin integration and sums formulas can be derived from Darboux's formula by substituting the Bernoulli polynomial B_n(t) in for the function phi(t). ...

An addition chain for a number n is a sequence 1=a_0<a_1<...<a_r=n, such that each member after a_0 is the sum of two earlier (not necessarily distinct) ones. The number r is ...

Two complex numbers z=x+iy and z^'=x^'+iy^' are added together componentwise, z+z^'=(x+x^')+i(y+y^'). In component form, (x,y)+(x^',y^')=(x+x^',y+y^') (Krantz 1999, p. 1).

Vector addition is the operation of adding two or more vectors together into a vector sum. The so-called parallelogram law gives the rule for vector addition of two or more ...

Let (A,<=) and (B,<=) be disjoint totally ordered sets with order types alpha and beta. Then the ordinal sum is defined at set (C=A union B,<=) where, if c_1 and c_2 are both ...

Denote the sum of two matrices A and B (of the same dimensions) by C=A+B. The sum is defined by adding entries with the same indices c_(ij)=a_(ij)+b_(ij) over all i and j. ...

Let A and B be any sets with empty intersection, and let |X| denote the cardinal number of a set X. Then |A|+|B|=|A union B| (Ciesielski 1997, p. 68; Dauben 1990, p. 173; ...

Oloa (2010, pers. comm., Jan. 20, 2010) has considered the following integrals containing nested radicals of 1/2 plus terms in theta^2 and ln^2costheta: R_n^- = (1) R_n^+ = ...

Let g(x)=(1-x^2)(1-k^2x^2). Then int_0^a(dx)/(sqrt(g(x)))+int_0^b(dx)/(sqrt(g(x)))=int_0^c(dx)/(sqrt(g(x))), where c=(bsqrt(g(a))+asqrt(g(b)))/(sqrt(1-k^2a^2b^2)).