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A diagonal matrix is a square matrix A of the form a_(ij)=c_idelta_(ij), (1) where delta_(ij) is the Kronecker delta, c_i are constants, and i,j=1, 2, ..., n, with no implied ...

Ore (1962) noted that not only does a tree possesses a unique shortest path between any two vertices, but that there also exist also other connected graphs having the same ...

Given a unit line segment [0,1], pick two points at random on it. Call the first point x_1 and the second point x_2. Find the distribution of distances d between points. The ...

The Lorenz curve is used in economics and ecology to describe inequality in wealth or size. The Lorenz curve is a function of the cumulative proportion of ordered individuals ...

Let K be a field of arbitrary characteristic. Let v:K->R union {infty} be defined by the following properties: 1. v(x)=infty<=>x=0, 2. v(xy)=v(x)+v(y) forall x,y in K, and 3. ...

An oval is a curve resembling a squashed circle but, unlike the ellipse, without a precise mathematical definition. The word oval derived from the Latin word "ovus" for egg. ...

A pyramidal frustum is a frustum made by chopping the top off a pyramid. It is a special case of a prismatoid. For a right pyramidal frustum, let s be the slant height, h the ...

A rolling polyhedron graph is a graph obtained by rolling a polyhedral solid along a board whose tiles match up with the faces of the polyhedron being rolled. The vertices of ...

The Kirchhoff sum index KfS is a graph index defined for a graph on n nodes by KfS=1/2sum_(i=1)^nsum_(j=1)^n((Omega)_(ij))/((d)_(ij)), where (Omega)_(ij) is the resistance ...

A tiling of regular polygons (in two dimensions), polyhedra (three dimensions), or polytopes (n dimensions) is called a tessellation. Tessellations can be specified using a ...