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A graph H is called a topological minor, also known as a homeomorphic subgraph, of a graph G if a graph subdivision of H is isomorphic to a subgraph of G. Every topological ...

An Eulerian path, also called an Euler chain, Euler trail, Euler walk, or "Eulerian" version of any of these variants, is a walk on the graph edges of a graph which uses each ...

The regular tetrahedron, often simply called "the" tetrahedron, is the Platonic solid with four polyhedron vertices, six polyhedron edges, and four equivalent equilateral ...

A figurate number, also (but mostly in texts from the 1500 and 1600s) known as a figural number (Simpson and Weiner 1992, p. 587), is a number that can be represented by a ...

A generalized dodecagon is a generalized polygon of order 12. GD(1,2) is the (3,12)-cage graph, more commonly known as the Tutte 12-cage. GD(2,1) is the line graph of the ...

A special graph vertex that is designated to turn a tree into a rooted tree or a graph into a rooted graph. The root is sometimes also called "eve," or an "endpoint" (Saaty ...

The game of life is the best-known two-dimensional cellular automaton, invented by John H. Conway and popularized in Martin Gardner's Scientific American column starting in ...

Let G be a graph and S a subgraph of G. Let the number of odd components in G-S be denoted S^', and |S| the number of graph vertices of S. The condition |S|>=S^' for every ...

Backgammon is a board game played by two players. The backgammon board is divided into four sections of six triangular regions on which pieces may be placed. Brown and white ...

The dodecahedron-icosahedron compound is a polyhedron compound consisting of a dodecahedron and its dual the icosahedron. In the compound, the dodecahedron and icosahedron ...