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The contravariant four-vector arising in special and general relativity, x^mu=[x^0; x^1; x^2; x^3]=[ct; x; y; z], (1) where c is the speed of light and t is time. ...

A statement, also known as an axiom, which is taken to be true without proof. Postulates are the basic structure from which lemmas and theorems are derived. The whole of ...

The power polynomials x^n are an associated Sheffer sequence with f(t)=t, (1) giving generating function sum_(k=0)^inftyx^kt^k=1/(1-tx) (2) and exponential generating ...

A loose term for a true statement which may be a postulate, theorem, etc.

A distance g on a set that fulfils the same properties as a metric except relaxes the definition to allow the distance between two different points to be zero. An example of ...

The quantity ps-rq obtained by letting x = pX+qY (1) y = rX+sY (2) in ax^2+2bxy+cy^2 (3) so that A = ap^2+2bpr+cr^2 (4) B = apq+b(ps+qr)+crs (5) C = aq^2+2bqs+cs^2 (6) and ...

A statistical test making use of the statistical ranks of data points. Examples include the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Wilcoxon signed rank test.

A rational quadrilateral is a quadrilateral for which the sides, polygon diagonals, and area are rational. The simplest case has sides a=52, b=25, c=39, and d=60, polygon ...

An automorphism which interchanges the two vertices of a regular map at each edge without interchanging the vertices.

The regular decagon is constructible 10-sided regular polygon with Schläfli symbol {10}. The inradius r, circumradius R, and area can be computed directly from the formulas ...