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The Laplacian spectral ratio R_L(G) of a connected graph G is defined as the ratio of its Laplacian spectral radius to its algebraic connectivity. If a connected graph of ...

If a function has a Fourier series given by f(x)=1/2a_0+sum_(n=1)^inftya_ncos(nx)+sum_(n=1)^inftyb_nsin(nx), (1) then Bessel's inequality becomes an equality known as ...

A convex polyhedron is defined as the set of solutions to a system of linear inequalities mx<=b (i.e., a matrix inequality), where m is a real s×d matrix and b is a real ...

There are two different definitions of the mid-arc points. The mid-arc points M_(AB), M_(AC), and M_(BC) of a triangle DeltaABC as defined by Johnson (1929) are the points on ...

A circle packing is an arrangement of circles inside a given boundary such that no two overlap and some (or all) of them are mutually tangent. The generalization to spheres ...

The extangents triangle is homothetic to the orthic triangle, and its homothetic center is known as the Clawson point, or sometimes the "crucial point." It has equivalent ...

Let P=alpha:beta:gamma be a point not on a sideline of a reference triangle DeltaABC. Let A^' be the point of intersection AP intersection BC, B^'=BP intersection AC, and ...

The Euler points are the midpoints E_A, E_B, E_C of the segments which join the vertices A, B, and C of a triangle DeltaABC and the orthocenter H. They are three of the nine ...

Draw a triangle DeltaA_1A_2A_3, and let A_1^' be the intersection of the parallel to A_3A_1 through A_2 (the A_2-exmedian) and the parallel to A_1A_2 through A_3 (the ...

Consider three squares erected externally on the sides of a triangle DeltaABC. Call the centers of these squares O_A, O_B, and O_C, respectively. Then the lines AO_A, BO_B, ...