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A k×n Latin rectangle is a k×n matrix with elements a_(ij) in {1,2,...,n} such that entries in each row and column are distinct. If k=n, the special case of a Latin square ...

Legendre-Gauss quadrature is a numerical integration method also called "the" Gaussian quadrature or Legendre quadrature. A Gaussian quadrature over the interval [-1,1] with ...

A linear recurrence equation is a recurrence equation on a sequence of numbers {x_n} expressing x_n as a first-degree polynomial in x_k with k<n. For example ...

A function that arises in performance analysis of partially coherent, differentially coherent, and noncoherent communications. The generalized Marcum Q-function is defined by ...

The Motzkin numbers enumerate various combinatorial objects. Donaghey and Shapiro (1977) give 14 different manifestations of these numbers. In particular, they give the ...

An NSW number (named after Newman, Shanks, and Williams) is an integer m that solves the Diophantine equation 2n^2=m^2+1. (1) In other words, the NSW numbers m index the ...

P(n), sometimes also denoted p(n) (Abramowitz and Stegun 1972, p. 825; Comtet 1974, p. 94; Hardy and Wright 1979, p. 273; Conway and Guy 1996, p. 94; Andrews 1998, p. 1), ...

The Pell numbers are the numbers obtained by the U_ns in the Lucas sequence with P=2 and Q=-1. They correspond to the Pell polynomial P_n(x) and Fibonacci polynomial F_n(x) ...

An involution of a set S is a permutation of S which does not contain any permutation cycles of length >2 (i.e., it consists exclusively of fixed points and transpositions). ...

Consider a set A_n={a_1,a_2,...,a_n} of n positive integer-denomination postage stamps sorted such that 1=a_1<a_2<...<a_n. Suppose they are to be used on an envelope with ...