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A tensor notation which considers the Riemann tensor R_(lambdamunukappa) as a matrix R_((lambdamu)(nukappa)) with indices lambdamu and nukappa.

In general, there are two important types of curvature: extrinsic curvature and intrinsic curvature. The extrinsic curvature of curves in two- and three-space was the first ...

A curvature of a submanifold of a manifold which depends on its particular embedding. Examples of extrinsic curvature include the curvature and torsion of curves in ...

A tensor-like object which reverses sign under inversion. Given a transformation matrix A, A_(ij)^'=det|A|a_(ik)a_(jl)A_(kl), where det is the determinant. A pseudotensor is ...

Let A, B, and C be three polar vectors, and define V_(ijk) = |A_i B_i C_i; A_j B_j C_j; A_k B_k C_k| (1) = det[A B C], (2) where det is the determinant. The V_(ijk) is a ...

A function which satisfies f(tx,ty)=t^nf(x,y) for a fixed n. Means, the Weierstrass elliptic function, and triangle center functions are homogeneous functions. A ...

The usual type of vector, which can be viewed as a contravariant tensor ("ket") of tensor rank 1. Contravariant vectors are dual to one-forms ("bras," a.k.a. covariant ...

A natural equation is an equation which specifies a curve independent of any choice of coordinates or parameterization. The study of natural equations began with the ...

The scalar curvature, also called the "curvature scalar" (e.g., Weinberg 1972, p. 135; Misner et al. 1973, p. 222) or "Ricci scalar," is given by R=g^(mukappa)R_(mukappa), ...

Christoffel symbols of the second kind are the second type of tensor-like object derived from a Riemannian metric g which is used to study the geometry of the metric. ...