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For a group G and a normal subgroup N of G, the quotient group of N in G, written G/N and read "G modulo N", is the set of cosets of N in G. Quotient groups are also called ...

A quotient ring (also called a residue-class ring) is a ring that is the quotient of a ring A and one of its ideals a, denoted A/a. For example, when the ring A is Z (the ...

A RAT-free ("right angle triangle-free") set is a set of points, no three of which determine a right triangle. Let f(n) be the largest integer such that a RAT-free subset of ...

Given a series of positive terms u_i and a sequence of positive constants {a_i}, use Kummer's test rho^'=lim_(n->infty)(a_n(u_n)/(u_(n+1))-a_(n+1)) (1) with a_n=n, giving ...

For any constructible function f, there exists a function P_f such that for all functions t, the following two statements are equivalent: 1. There exists an algorithm A such ...

The Racah V-coefficients are written V(j_1j_2j;m_1m_2m) (1) and are sometimes expressed using the related Clebsch-Gordan coefficients C_(m_1m_2)^j=(j_1j_2m_1m_2|j_1j_2jm), ...

The Racah W-coefficients, sometimes simply called the Racah coefficients (Shore and Menzel 1968, p. 279), are quantities introduced by Racah (1942) that are related to the ...

A Gaussian quadrature-like formula for numerical estimation of integrals. It requires m+1 points and fits all polynomials to degree 2m, so it effectively fits exactly all ...

Let C be a curve and let O be a fixed point. Let P be on C and let Q be the curvature center at P. Let P_1 be the point with P_1O a line segment parallel and of equal length ...

A radial function is a function phi:R^+->R satisfying phi(x,c)=phi(|x-c|) for points c in some subset Xi subset R^n. Here, |·| denotes the standard Euclidean norm in R^n and ...