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A number satisfying Fermat's little theorem (or some other primality test) for some nontrivial base. A probable prime which is shown to be composite is called a pseudoprime ...

Let (X,A,mu) and (Y,B,nu) be measure spaces, let R be the collection of all measurable rectangles contained in X×Y, and let lambda be the premeasure defined on R by ...

A set A of integers is productive if there exists a partial recursive function f such that, for any x, the following holds: If the domain of phi_x is a subset of A, then f(x) ...

A projection is the transformation of points and lines in one plane onto another plane by connecting corresponding points on the two planes with parallel lines. This can be ...

The projective plane crossing number of a graph is the minimal number of crossings with which the graph can be drawn on the real projective plane. A graph with projective ...

The projective special linear group PSL_n(q) is the group obtained from the special linear group SL_n(q) on factoring by the scalar matrices contained in that group. It is ...

The projective special orthogonal group PSO_n(q) is the group obtained from the special orthogonal group SO_n(q) on factoring by the scalar matrices contained in that group. ...

The projective special unitary group PSU_n(q) is the group obtained from the special unitary group SU_n(q) on factoring by the scalar matrices contained in that group. ...

The path traced out by a fixed point at a radius b>a, where a is the radius of a rolling circle, also sometimes called an extended cycloid. The prolate cycloid contains ...

Proof theory, also called metamathematics, is the study of mathematics and mathematical reasoning (Hofstadter 1989) in a general and abstract sense itself. Instead of ...