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The indefinite summation operator Delta^(-1) for discrete variables, is the equivalent of integration for continuous variables. If DeltaY(x)=y(x), then Delta^(-1)y(x)=Y(x).

Two events A and B are called independent if their probabilities satisfy P(AB)=P(A)P(B) (Papoulis 1984, p. 40).

Two variates A and B are statistically independent iff the conditional probability P(A|B) of A given B satisfies P(A|B)=P(A), (1) in which case the probability of A and B is ...

The indices of a contravariant tensor A^j can be lowered, turning it into a covariant tensor A_i, by multiplication by a so-called metric tensor g_(ij), e.g., g_(ij)A^j=A_i.

The indices of a covariant tensor A_j can be raised, forming a contravariant tensor A^i, by multiplication by a so-called metric tensor g^(ij), e.g., g^(ij)A_j=A^i

One of the basic objects treated in a given formal language system. The term is sometimes also used as a synonym for urelement.

The use of the principle of mathematical induction in a proof. Induction used in mathematics is often called mathematical induction.

An infinitesimal which is not the differential of an actual function and which cannot be expressed as dz=((partialz)/(partialx))_ydx+((partialz)/(partialy))_xdy, the way an ...

An infinitesimal is some quantity that is explicitly nonzero and yet smaller in absolute value than any real quantity. The understanding of infinitesimals was a major ...

Let B, A, and e be square matrices with e small, and define B=A(I+e), (1) where I is the identity matrix. Then the inverse of B is approximately B^(-1)=(I-e)A^(-1). (2) This ...