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In elementary geometry, orthogonal is the same as perpendicular. Two lines or curves are orthogonal if they are perpendicular at their point of intersection. Two vectors v ...

An outerplanar graph is a graph that can be embedded in the plane such that all vertices lie on the outer face. Outerplanar graphs are planar and, by their definition, ...

A pandiagonal perfect magic cube is a perfect magic cube that remains perfect when any single orthogonal section is "restacked" cyclically so that the ordering of any set of ...

A pandiagonal semiperfect magic cube is a semiperfect magic cube that remains semiperfect when any single orthogonal section is "restacked" cyclically so that the ordering of ...

A system of curvilinear coordinates. There are several different conventions for the orientation and designation of these coordinates. Arfken (1970) defines coordinates ...

A plane figure or solid compound consisting of multiple connected copies of a given base shape. For example, affixing n equal squares gives an n-polyomino, while affixing n ...

The principal value of an analytic multivalued function is the single value chosen by convention to be returned for a given argument. Complex multivalued functions have ...

A configuration of 12 planes and 12 points such that six points lie in every plane and six planes pass through every point. Alternatively, the configuration consists of 16 ...

The Sendov conjecture, proposed by Blagovest Sendov circa 1958, that for a polynomial f(z)=(z-r_1)(z-r_2)...(z-r_n) with n>=2 and each root r_k located inside the closed unit ...

Solid partitions are generalizations of plane partitions. MacMahon (1960) conjectured the generating function for the number of solid partitions was ...