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A branch of mathematics which encompasses many diverse areas of minimization and optimization. Optimization theory is the more modern term for operations research. ...

Let n be a positive integer and r(n) the number of (not necessarily distinct) prime factors of n (with r(1)=0). Let O(m) be the number of positive integers <=m with an odd ...

The principal value of an analytic multivalued function is the single value chosen by convention to be returned for a given argument. Complex multivalued functions have ...

A technique for computing eigenfunctions and eigenvalues. It proceeds by requiring J=int_a^b[p(x)y_x^2-q(x)y^2]dx (1) to have a stationary value subject to the normalization ...

Isolated resonances in a dynamical system can cause considerable distortion of preserved tori in their neighborhood, but they do not introduce any chaos into a system. ...

A usually simple algorithm or identity. The term is frequently applied to specific orders of Newton-Cotes formulas. The designation "rule n" is also given to the nth ...

There are several theorems known as the "sandwich theorem." In calculus, the squeeze theorem is also sometimes known as the sandwich theorem. In graph theory, the sandwich ...

A singular integral is an integral whose integrand reaches an infinite value at one or more points in the domain of integration. Even so, such integrals can converge, in ...

Let (x_1,x_2) and (y_1,y_2,y_3) be two sets of complex numbers linearly independent over the rationals. Then at least one of ...

The study of random geometric structures. Stochastic geometry leads to modelling and analysis tools such as Monte carlo methods.