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A number of the form +/-sqrt(a), where a is a positive rational number which is not the square of another rational number is called a pure quadratic surd. A number of the ...

A quasi-qunitic graph is a quasi-regular graph, i.e., a graph such that degree of every vertex is the same delta except for a single vertex whose degree is Delta=delta+1 ...

A quintic symmetric graph is a quintic graph (i.e., regular of degree 5) that is also symmetric. Since quintic graphs exist only on an even number of nodes, so do symmetric ...

The regular octahedron, often simply called "the" octahedron, is the Platonic solid with six polyhedron vertices, 12 polyhedron edges, and eight equivalent equilateral ...

The regular tetrahedron, often simply called "the" tetrahedron, is the Platonic solid with four polyhedron vertices, six polyhedron edges, and four equivalent equilateral ...

The nth roots of unity are roots e^(2piik/n) of the cyclotomic equation x^n=1, which are known as the de Moivre numbers. The notations zeta_k, epsilon_k, and epsilon_k, where ...

A roulette is a curve traced by a fixed point on a closed convex curve as that curve rolls without slipping along a second curve. The roulettes described by the foci of ...

A ruled surface is a surface that can be swept out by moving a line in space. It therefore has a parameterization of the form x(u,v)=b(u)+vdelta(u), (1) where b is called the ...

The perpendicular distance h from an arc's midpoint to the chord across it, equal to the radius R minus the apothem r, h=R-r. (1) For a regular polygon of side length a, h = ...

Let M be a regular surface with v_(p),w_(p) points in the tangent space M_(p) of M. For M in R^3, the second fundamental form is the symmetric bilinear form on the tangent ...