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A number of the form +/-sqrt(a), where a is a positive rational number which is not the square of another rational number is called a pure quadratic surd. A number of the ...

A positive integer n>1 is quiteprime iff all primes p<=sqrt(n) satisfy |2[n (mod p)]-p|<=p+1-sqrt(p). Also define 2 and 3 to be quiteprimes. Then the first few quiteprimes ...

A positive number k such that a lamina or solid body with moment of inertia about an axis I and mass m is given by I=mk^2. Pickover (1995) defines a generalization of k as a ...

The Radon-Nikodym theorem asserts that any absolutely continuous complex measure lambda with respect to some positive measure mu (which could be Lebesgue measure or Haar ...

In a plane, consider a sum of N two-dimensional vectors with random orientations. Use phasor notation, and let the phase of each vector be random. Assume N unit steps are ...

Let u_k be a series with positive terms and suppose rho=lim_(k->infty)(u_(k+1))/(u_k). Then 1. If rho<1, the series converges. 2. If rho>1 or rho=infty, the series diverges. ...

The reciprocal of a real or complex number z!=0 is its multiplicative inverse 1/z=z^(-1), i.e., z to the power -1. The reciprocal of zero is undefined. A plot of the ...

A regular number, also called a finite decimal (Havil 2003, p. 25), is a positive number that has a finite decimal expansion. A number such as 1/3=0.33333... which is not ...

It is possible to describe a set of positive integers that cannot be listed in a book containing a set of counting numbers on each consecutively numbered page. Another form ...

The Riemann-Siegel integral formula is the following representation of the xi-function xi(s) found in Riemann's Nachlass by Bessel-Hagen in 1926 (Siegel 1932; Edwards 2001, ...