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The operator norm of a linear operator T:V->W is the largest value by which T stretches an element of V, ||T||=sup_(||v||=1)||T(v)||. (1) It is necessary for V and W to be ...

A transpose of a doubly indexed object is the object obtained by replacing all elements a_(ij) with a_(ji). For a second-tensor rank tensor a_(ij), the tensor transpose is ...

Eigenvalues are a special set of scalars associated with a linear system of equations (i.e., a matrix equation) that are sometimes also known as characteristic roots, ...

For an n×n matrix, let S denote any permutation e_1, e_2, ..., e_n of the set of numbers 1, 2, ..., n, and let chi^((lambda))(S) be the character of the symmetric group ...

A pseudoinverse is a matrix inverse-like object that may be defined for a complex matrix, even if it is not necessarily square. For any given complex matrix, it is possible ...

The bandwidth of a matrix M=(m_(ij)) is the maximum value of |i-j| such that m_(ij) is nonzero.

The Drazin inverse is a matrix inverse-like object derived from a given square matrix. In particular, let the index k of a square matrix be defined as the smallest ...

A Hessenberg decomposition is a matrix decomposition of a matrix A into a unitary matrix P and a Hessenberg matrix H such that PHP^(H)=A, where P^(H) denotes the conjugate ...

The Hilbert-Schmidt norm of a matrix A is a matrix norm defined by ||A||_(HS)=sqrt(sum_(i,j)a_(ij)^2).

An n×n array is called a square array. Considered as a matrix, a square array is called a square matrix.