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A clause (i.e., a disjunction of literals) is called a Horn clause if it contains at most one positive literal. Horn clauses are usually written as L_1,...,L_n=>L(=¬L_1 v ... ...

A hypothesis is a proposition that is consistent with known data, but has been neither verified nor shown to be false. In statistics, a hypothesis (sometimes called a ...

The process of computing or obtaining an integral. A more archaic term for integration is quadrature.

The operator tpartial/partialr that can be used to derive multivariate formulas for moments and cumulants from corresponding univariate formulas. For example, to derive the ...

A sentential formula that contains at least one free variable (Carnap 1958, p. 24). A sentential variable containing no free variables (i.e., all variables are bound) is ...

It is possible to describe a set of positive integers that cannot be listed in a book containing a set of counting numbers on each consecutively numbered page. Another form ...

A sentence is a logic formula in which every variable is quantified. The concept of a sentence is important because formulas with variables that are not quantified are ...

A tautology is a logical statement in which the conclusion is equivalent to the premise. More colloquially, it is formula in propositional calculus which is always true ...

A truth table is a two-dimensional array with n+1 columns. The first n columns correspond to the possible values of n inputs, and the last column to the operation being ...

In predicate calculus, a universal formula is a prenex normal form formula (i.e., a formula written as a string of quantifiers and bound variables followed by a ...