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Analysis of data ordered by the time the data were collected (usually spaced at equal intervals), called a time series. Common examples of a time series are daily temperature ...

A number of the form aba..., abab..., etc. The first few nontrivial undulants (with the stipulation that a!=b) are 101, 121, 131, 141, 151, 161, 171, 181, 191, 202, 212, ... ...

A Vandermonde matrix is a type of matrix that arises in the polynomial least squares fitting, Lagrange interpolating polynomials (Hoffman and Kunze p. 114), and the ...

Hilbert's problems are a set of (originally) unsolved problems in mathematics proposed by Hilbert. Of the 23 total appearing in the printed address, ten were actually ...

The "15 puzzle" is a sliding square puzzle commonly (but incorrectly) attributed to Sam Loyd. However, research by Slocum and Sonneveld (2006) has revealed that Sam Loyd did ...

A commutative diagram is a collection of maps A_i-->^(phi_i)B_i in which all map compositions starting from the same set A and ending with the same set B give the same ...

A palindromic number is a number (in some base b) that is the same when written forwards or backwards, i.e., of the form a_1a_2...a_2a_1. The first few palindromic numbers ...

An official chessboard is an 8×8 board containing squares alternating in color between olive green and buff (where "buff" is a color variously defined as a moderate orange ...

A set of m distinct positive integers S={a_1,...,a_m} satisfies the Diophantus property D(n) of order n (a positive integer) if, for all i,j=1, ..., m with i!=j, ...

An Euler brick is a cuboid that possesses integer edges a>b>c and face diagonals d_(ab) = sqrt(a^2+b^2) (1) d_(ac) = sqrt(a^2+c^2) (2) d_(bc) = sqrt(b^2+c^2). (3) If the ...