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There are a number of meanings for the word "arc" in mathematics. In general, an arc is any smooth curve joining two points. The length of an arc is known as its arc length. ...

The phrase dependent percolation is used in two-dimensional discrete percolation to describe any general model in which the states of the various graph edges (in the case of ...

The nullity of a linear transformation f:V->W of vector spaces is the dimension of its null space. The nullity and the map rank add up to the dimension of V, a result ...

A partition {a_1,...,a_n} is called graphical if there exists a graph G having degree sequence {a_1,...,a_n}. The number of graphical partitions of length n is equal to the ...

Let G=(V,E) be a finite graph, let Omega be the set Omega={0,1}^E whose members are vectors omega=(omega(e):e in E), and let F be the sigma-algebra of all subsets of Omega. A ...

LCF notation is a concise and convenient notation devised by Joshua Lederberg (winner of the 1958 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine) for the representation of cubic ...

The incidence matrix of a graph gives the (0,1)-matrix which has a row for each vertex and column for each edge, and (v,e)=1 iff vertex v is incident upon edge e (Skiena ...

Rubik's Clock is a puzzle consisting of 18 small clocks, 14 of which are independent, each of which may be set to any 12-hour position. There are therefore 12^(14) possible ...

A lattice polygon consisting of a closed self-avoiding walk on a square lattice. The perimeter, horizontal perimeter, vertical perimeter, and area are all well-defined for ...

An n-tuple, sometimes simply called a "tuple" when the number n is known implicitly, is another word for a list, i.e., an ordered set of n elements. It can be interpreted as ...