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The Griewank function is a function widely used to test the convergence of optimization functions. The Griewank function of order n is defined by ...

Let f be an entire function of finite order lambda and {a_j} the zeros of f, listed with multiplicity, then the rank p of f is defined as the least positive integer such that ...

A Hajós group is a group for which all factorizations of the form (say) Z_n=A direct sum B have A or B periodic, where the period is a divisor of n. Hajós groups arose after ...

There are a number of point processes which are called Hawkes processes and while many of these notions are similar, some are rather different. There are also different ...

Given a nonzero finitely generated module M over a commutative Noetherian local ring R with maximal ideal M and a proper ideal I of R, the Hilbert-Samuel function of M with ...

Let s_k be the number of independent vertex sets of cardinality k in a graph G. The polynomial I(x)=sum_(k=0)^(alpha(G))s_kx^k, (1) where alpha(G) is the independence number, ...

A product involving an infinite number of terms. Such products can converge. In fact, for positive a_n, the product product_(n=1)^(infty)a_n converges to a nonzero number iff ...

A Fredholm integral equation of the second kind phi(x)=f(x)+lambdaint_a^bK(x,t)phi(t)dt (1) may be solved as follows. Take phi_0(x) = f(x) (2) phi_1(x) = ...

The inverse haversine function hav^(-1)(z) is defined by hav^(-1)(z)=2sin^(-1)(sqrt(z)). (1) The inverse haversine is implemented in the Wolfram Language as ...

In statistical mechanics, the two-dimensional Ising model is a popular tool used to study the dipole moments of magnetic spins. The Ising model in two dimensions is a type of ...