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The area Delta (sometimes also denoted sigma) of a triangle DeltaABC with side lengths a, b, c and corresponding angles A, B, and C is given by Delta = 1/2bcsinA (1) = ...

Turmites, also called turning machines, are 2-dimensional Turing machines in which the "tape" consists of a grid of spaces that can be written and erased by an active ...

Two trains are on the same track a distance 100 km apart heading towards one another, each at a speed of 50 km/h. A fly starting out at the front of one train, flies towards ...

An unordered factorization is a factorization of a number into a product of factors where order is ignored. The following table lists the unordered factorizations of the ...

A vertex coloring is an assignment of labels or colors to each vertex of a graph such that no edge connects two identically colored vertices. The most common type of vertex ...

A zebra graph is a graph formed by all possible moves of a hypothetical chess piece called a "zebra" which moves analogously to a knight except that it is restricted to moves ...

The chromatic polynomial pi_G(z) of an undirected graph G, also denoted C(G;z) (Biggs 1973, p. 106) and P(G,x) (Godsil and Royle 2001, p. 358), is a polynomial which encodes ...

Determinants are mathematical objects that are very useful in the analysis and solution of systems of linear equations. As shown by Cramer's rule, a nonhomogeneous system of ...

The Fields Medals are commonly regarded as mathematics' closest analog to the Nobel Prize (which does not exist in mathematics), and are awarded every four years by the ...

The greatest common divisor, sometimes also called the highest common divisor (Hardy and Wright 1979, p. 20), of two positive integers a and b is the largest divisor common ...