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Rather surprisingly, trigonometric functions of npi/17 for n an integer can be expressed in terms of sums, products, and finite root extractions because 17 is a Fermat prime. ...

The wedge product is the product in an exterior algebra. If alpha and beta are differential k-forms of degrees p and q, respectively, then alpha ^ beta=(-1)^(pq)beta ^ alpha. ...

There are many mathematical and recreational problems related to folding. Origami, the Japanese art of paper folding, is one well-known example. It is possible to make a ...

Generally speaking, a Green's function is an integral kernel that can be used to solve differential equations from a large number of families including simpler examples such ...

The "15 puzzle" is a sliding square puzzle commonly (but incorrectly) attributed to Sam Loyd. However, research by Slocum and Sonneveld (2006) has revealed that Sam Loyd did ...

Bridge is a card game played with a normal deck of 52 cards. The number of possible distinct 13-card hands is N=(52; 13)=635013559600, (1) where (n; k) is a binomial ...

A fiber bundle (also called simply a bundle) with fiber F is a map f:E->B where E is called the total space of the fiber bundle and B the base space of the fiber bundle. The ...

In celestial mechanics, the fixed path a planet traces as it moves around the sun is called an orbit. When a group G acts on a set X (this process is called a group action), ...

Keller conjectured that tiling an n-dimensional space with n-dimensional hypercubes of equal size yields an arrangement in which at least two hypercubes have an entire ...

An extended rooted binary tree satisfying the following conditions: 1. Every node has two children, each colored either red or black. 2. Every tree leaf node is colored ...