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A sequence of primes q_1<q_2<...<q_k is a Cunningham chain of the first kind (second kind) of length k if q_(i+1)=2q_i+1 (q_(i+1)=2q_i-1) for i=1, ..., k-1. Cunningham primes ...

The Diffie-Hellman protocol is a method for two computer users to generate a shared private key with which they can then exchange information across an insecure channel. Let ...

As a consequence of Matiyasevich's refutation of Hilbert's 10th problem, it can be proved that there does not exist a general algorithm for solving a general quartic ...

Diophantus's riddle is a poem that encodes a mathematical problem. In verse, it read as follows: 'Here lies Diophantus,' the wonder behold. Through art algebraic, the stone ...

The term Euclidean refers to everything that can historically or logically be referred to Euclid's monumental treatise The Thirteen Books of the Elements, written around the ...

The Euler polynomial E_n(x) is given by the Appell sequence with g(t)=1/2(e^t+1), (1) giving the generating function (2e^(xt))/(e^t+1)=sum_(n=0)^inftyE_n(x)(t^n)/(n!). (2) ...

Euler (1772ab) conjectured that there are no positive integer solutions to the quartic Diophantine equation A^4=B^4+C^4+D^4. This conjecture was disproved by Elkies (1988), ...

The W polynomials obtained by setting p(x)=x and q(x)=1 in the Lucas polynomial sequence. (The corresponding w polynomials are called Lucas polynomials.) They have explicit ...

The following are equivalent definitions for a Galois extension field (also simply known as a Galois extension) K of F. 1. K is the splitting field for a collection of ...

Gelfond's theorem, also called the Gelfond-Schneider theorem, states that a^b is transcendental if 1. a is algebraic !=0,1 and 2. b is algebraic and irrational. This provides ...