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Geometry is the study of figures in a space of a given number of dimensions and of a given type. The most common types of geometry are plane geometry (dealing with objects ...

A matrix is a concise and useful way of uniquely representing and working with linear transformations. In particular, every linear transformation can be represented by a ...

The Mittag-Leffler function (Mittag-Leffler 1903, 1905) is an entire function defined by the series E_alpha(z)=sum_(k=0)^infty(z^k)/(Gamma(alphak+1)) (1) for alpha>0. It is ...

A random number is a number chosen as if by chance from some specified distribution such that selection of a large set of these numbers reproduces the underlying ...

The mathematical study of the likelihood and probability of events occurring based on known information and inferred by taking a limited number of samples. Statistics plays ...

Sylvester's four-point problem asks for the probability q(R) that four points chosen at random in a planar region R have a convex hull which is a quadrilateral (Sylvester ...

The (complete) gamma function Gamma(n) is defined to be an extension of the factorial to complex and real number arguments. It is related to the factorial by Gamma(n)=(n-1)!, ...

The golden ratio, also known as the divine proportion, golden mean, or golden section, is a number often encountered when taking the ratios of distances in simple geometric ...

Buffon's needle problem asks to find the probability that a needle of length l will land on a line, given a floor with equally spaced parallel lines a distance d apart. The ...

A Fourier series is an expansion of a periodic function f(x) in terms of an infinite sum of sines and cosines. Fourier series make use of the orthogonality relationships of ...