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An alpha value is a number 0<=alpha<=1 such that P(z>=z_(observed))<=alpha is considered "significant," where P is a P-value.

The converse of Fisher's theorem.

If X and Y are independent variates and X+Y is a normal distribution, then both X and Y must have normal distributions. This was proved by Cramér in 1936.

The ratio of two independent estimates of the variance of a normal distribution.

Any bivariate distribution function with marginal distribution functions F and G satisfies max{F(x)+G(y)-1,0}<=H(x,y)<=min{F(x),G(y)}.

A distribution with kurtosis excess gamma_2<0, and therefore having a flattened shape.

The z-score associated with the ith observation of a random variable x is given by z_i=(x_i-x^_)/sigma, where x^_ is the mean and sigma the standard deviation of all ...

A statistical distribution whose variables can take on only discrete values. Abramowitz and Stegun (1972, p. 929) give a table of the parameters of most common discrete ...

Based on a problem in particle physics, Dyson (1962abc) conjectured that the constant term in the Laurent series product_(1<=i!=j<=n)(1-(x_i)/(x_j))^(a_i) is the multinomial ...

A hypothesis is a proposition that is consistent with known data, but has been neither verified nor shown to be false. In statistics, a hypothesis (sometimes called a ...