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The words random and stochastic are synonymous.

A refinement X of a cover Y is a cover such that every element x in X is a subset of an element y in Y.

A position in a game is safe for a player A if the person who plays next (player B) will lose.

An action with G=R^+.

The probability that a statistical test will be positive for a true statistic.

"The" Smarandache constant is the smallest solution to the generalized Andrica's conjecture, x approx 0.567148 (OEIS A038458). The first Smarandache constant is defined as ...

The p-adic norm satisfies |x+y|_p<=max(|x|_p,|y|_p) for all x and y.

A sum-free set S is a set for which the intersection of S and the sumset S+S is empty. For example, the sum-free sets of {1,2,3} are emptyset, {1}, {2}, {3}, {1,3}, and ...

The set closure of the set of arguments of a function f for which f is not zero.

The twin primes constant Pi_2 (sometimes also denoted C_2) is defined by Pi_2 = product_(p>2; p prime)[1-1/((p-1)^2)] (1) = product_(p>2; p prime)(p(p-2))/((p-1)^2) (2) = ...