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Anomalous cancellation is a "canceling" of digits of a and b in the numerator and denominator of a fraction a/b which results in a fraction equal to the original. Note that ...

The 5.1.2 fifth-order Diophantine equation A^5=B^5+C^5 (1) is a special case of Fermat's last theorem with n=5, and so has no solution. improving on the results on Lander et ...

A square integrable function phi(t) is said to be normal if int[phi(t)]^2dt=1. However, the normal distribution function is also sometimes called "the normal function."

There are two definitions of the Fermat number. The less common is a number of the form 2^n+1 obtained by setting x=1 in a Fermat polynomial, the first few of which are 3, 5, ...

cos(pi/(10)) = 1/4sqrt(10+2sqrt(5)) (1) cos((3pi)/(10)) = 1/4sqrt(10-2sqrt(5)) (2) cot(pi/(10)) = sqrt(5+2sqrt(5)) (3) cot((3pi)/(10)) = sqrt(5-2sqrt(5)) (4) csc(pi/(10)) = ...

cos(pi/(15)) = 1/8(sqrt(30+6sqrt(5))+sqrt(5)-1) (1) cos((2pi)/(15)) = 1/8(sqrt(30-6sqrt(5))+sqrt(5)+1) (2) cos((4pi)/(15)) = 1/8(sqrt(30+6sqrt(5))-sqrt(5)+1) (3) ...

cos(pi/(16)) = 1/2sqrt(2+sqrt(2+sqrt(2))) (1) cos((3pi)/(16)) = 1/2sqrt(2+sqrt(2-sqrt(2))) (2) cos((5pi)/(16)) = 1/2sqrt(2-sqrt(2-sqrt(2))) (3) cos((7pi)/(16)) = ...

cos(pi/(32)) = 1/2sqrt(2+sqrt(2+sqrt(2+sqrt(2)))) (1) cos((3pi)/(32)) = 1/2sqrt(2+sqrt(2+sqrt(2-sqrt(2)))) (2) cos((5pi)/(32)) = 1/2sqrt(2+sqrt(2-sqrt(2-sqrt(2)))) (3) ...

cos(pi/8) = 1/2sqrt(2+sqrt(2)) (1) cos((3pi)/8) = 1/2sqrt(2-sqrt(2)) (2) cot(pi/8) = 1+sqrt(2) (3) cot((3pi)/8) = sqrt(2)-1 (4) csc(pi/8) = sqrt(4+2sqrt(2)) (5) csc((3pi)/8) ...

A figurate number, also (but mostly in texts from the 1500 and 1600s) known as a figural number (Simpson and Weiner 1992, p. 587), is a number that can be represented by a ...