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A unit matrix is an integer matrix consisting of all 1s. The m×n unit matrix is often denoted J_(mn), or J_n if m=n. Square unit matrices J_n have determinant 0 for n>=2. An ...

A white bishop graph is a graph formed from possible moves of a bishop chess piece, which may make diagonal moves of any length on a chessboard (or any other board), when ...

A diamond-shaped neighborhood that can be used to define a set of cells surrounding a given cell (x_0,y_0) that may affect the evolution of a two-dimensional cellular ...

The number of representations of n by k squares, allowing zeros and distinguishing signs and order, is denoted r_k(n). The special case k=2 corresponding to two squares is ...

The gnomon was an L-shaped movable sundial used for astronomical studies. It operated by resting on one leg so that the other pointed vertically upward. By measuring the ...

A zebra graph is a graph formed by all possible moves of a hypothetical chess piece called a "zebra" which moves analogously to a knight except that it is restricted to moves ...

A curve of constant width constructed by drawing arcs from each polygon vertex of an equilateral triangle between the other two vertices. The Reuleaux triangle has the ...

Heule graphs are a set of unit-distance graphs with chromatic number five derived by Marijn Heule in April 2018 to July 2918 from the 1581-vertex de Grey Graph (Heule 2018). ...

The twin primes constant Pi_2 (sometimes also denoted C_2) is defined by Pi_2 = product_(p>2; p prime)[1-1/((p-1)^2)] (1) = product_(p>2; p prime)(p(p-2))/((p-1)^2) (2) = ...

An n-step Fibonacci sequence {F_k^((n))}_(k=1)^infty is defined by letting F_k^((n))=0 for k<=0, F_1^((n))=F_2^((n))=1, and other terms according to the linear recurrence ...