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The square torus is the quotient of the plane by the integer lattice.

The Lorentzian function is the singly peaked function given by L(x)=1/pi(1/2Gamma)/((x-x_0)^2+(1/2Gamma)^2), (1) where x_0 is the center and Gamma is a parameter specifying ...

There are two functions commonly denoted mu, each of which is defined in terms of integrals. Another unrelated mathematical function represented using the Greek letter mu is ...

The score function u(theta) is the partial derivativeof the log-likelihood function F(theta)=lnL(theta), where L(theta) is the standard likelihood function. Defining the ...

A special function psi_1(z) corresponding to a polygamma function psi_n(z) with n=1, given by psi_1(z)=(d^2)/(dz^2)lnGamma(z). (1) An alternative function ...

A composition of a function f degreesf with itself gives a nested function f(f(x)), f degreesf degreesf which gives f(f(f(x)), etc. Function nesting is implemented in the ...

A multimagic square such that the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth powers of the elements all yield magic squares is known as a pentamagic square. The first known ...

If replacing each number by its square in a magic square produces another magic square, the square is said to be a bimagic square. Bimagic squares are also called doubly ...

The Mangoldt function is the function defined by Lambda(n)={lnp if n=p^k for p a prime; 0 otherwise, (1) sometimes also called the lambda function. exp(Lambda(n)) has the ...

An algebraic function is a function f(x) which satisfies p(x,f(x))=0, where p(x,y) is a polynomial in x and y with integer coefficients. Functions that can be constructed ...